See crowe in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "crow"
},
{
"lang": "Geordie",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "craw"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "craw"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "croowe"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "crowe"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "crouw"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "crāwe"
},
"expansion": "Old English crāwe",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*krāā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *krāā",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*krēǭ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *krēǭ",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English crāwe, from Proto-West Germanic *krāā, from Proto-Germanic *krēǭ.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "crowes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "crowen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "crawe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "crow",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "crauw",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "craw",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "crowe",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "crowes",
"pl2": "crowen"
},
"expansion": "crowe (plural crowes or crowen)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "52 13 34",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Birds",
"orig": "enm:Birds",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 10 41",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Simple machines",
"orig": "enm:Simple machines",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"crow (black-coloured bird in the genus Corvus)"
],
"id": "en-crowe-enm-noun-3qenLP43",
"links": [
[
"crow",
"crow"
],
[
"Corvus",
"Corvus#English"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A metal bar or lever; a crowbar."
],
"id": "en-crowe-enm-noun-ESLGIe7G",
"links": [
[
"crowbar",
"crowbar"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkrɔu̯(ə)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkrɑu̯(ə)/",
"tags": [
"Northern"
]
}
],
"word": "crowe"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "crāwan"
},
"expansion": "Old English crāwan",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English crāwan.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"altform": "1"
},
"expansion": "crowe",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "crowen"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "22 24 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 30 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 30 43",
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"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 10 41",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Simple machines",
"orig": "enm:Simple machines",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of crowen"
],
"id": "en-crowe-enm-verb-IL2ozg9y",
"links": [
[
"crowen",
"crowen#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "crowe"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English alternative forms",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Birds",
"enm:Simple machines"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "crow"
},
{
"lang": "Geordie",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "craw"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "craw"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "croowe"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "crowe"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "crouw"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "crāwe"
},
"expansion": "Old English crāwe",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*krāā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *krāā",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*krēǭ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *krēǭ",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English crāwe, from Proto-West Germanic *krāā, from Proto-Germanic *krēǭ.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "crowes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "crowen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "crawe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "crow",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "crauw",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "craw",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "crowe",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "crowes",
"pl2": "crowen"
},
"expansion": "crowe (plural crowes or crowen)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"crow (black-coloured bird in the genus Corvus)"
],
"links": [
[
"crow",
"crow"
],
[
"Corvus",
"Corvus#English"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A metal bar or lever; a crowbar."
],
"links": [
[
"crowbar",
"crowbar"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkrɔu̯(ə)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkrɑu̯(ə)/",
"tags": [
"Northern"
]
}
],
"word": "crowe"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English alternative forms",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Birds",
"enm:Simple machines"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "crāwan"
},
"expansion": "Old English crāwan",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English crāwan.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"altform": "1"
},
"expansion": "crowe",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "crowen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of crowen"
],
"links": [
[
"crowen",
"crowen#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "crowe"
}
Download raw JSONL data for crowe meaning in Middle English (3.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-01-16 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-01-01 using wiktextract (d1270d2 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.